What can be learnt?

The nine books of the latter part of the New Testament were written in different styles by different authors.

The nine books at the end of the New Testament were written in different styles by different authors. Eight of them (Hebrews-Judas) are often referred to as the General Epistles. Some of these General Epistles, namely James, 1-2 Peter, 2-3 John, and Jude, are clearly epistles and are in the style of Paul's epistles. Although it is more of a sermon or a series of sermons, Hebrews is included in the group of General Epistles because it ends with a salutation. 1 John does not begin with the usual salutation that opens a letter, but the exhortations are so personal that it reads like a letter from someone to a friend.

According to the situation of the early Christian church, the General Epistles contain warnings against false teachers (2 Peter 2:1-3; 1 John 2:18-26; 4:1-2; Jud 1:3-13), exhortations to live godly lives (Jas 2:14-26; 1 Peter 1:13-16; 2 Peter 1:5-11) and to love one another (Heb 13:1-2; 1 John 3:11-18; 2 John 1:5-6). Christians are referred to as God's chosen holy people (Heb 3:1; 1 Peter 2:9-10), while being reminded that this does not exempt them from trials and sufferings (Heb 13:3; Jas 1:12; 1 Peter 1:5-7, 3:13-17, 4:12-14). The persecution of Christians by Rome seemed to intensify towards the end of the first century, when Emperor Domitian reigned. Most of the General Epistles speak of the sufferings of Christians. Therefore, these letters were likely written at the end of the first century or perhaps shortly thereafter.

The situation of the persecuted Christians is clearly depicted in the book of Revelation, the last book in the New Testament. Revelation records the visions experienced by John on the island of Patmos and contains a number of letters addressed to the Christian churches in Asia Minor (Rev. 2-3). The book of Revelation is an example of apocalyptic writing. The writing of Revelation is based on existing Jewish apocalyptic writings, such as the book of Daniel and the book of Ezekiel. Such writings usually describe a great war that will take place in the future between God and the powers of evil. In that battle, God will achieve final victory. However, before that happens, believers will be persecuted and even killed by God's enemies. Apocalyptic writings feature a variety of symbols and strange creatures, such as the beasts in Revelation 13, in order to convey a message that the believers will understand but confuse the enemies. This "secretive" imagery is also evident when the book of Revelation speaks of Babylon (Revelation 17:5-18:24). The Christians of that time knew that Babylon was actually Rome, which was seen as the great enemy of God and His chosen people.

As is typical of apocalyptic writings, Revelation presents images of God's terrible judgement. However, the main purpose of such books is to give hope and encourage Christians to remain steadfast in their faith in the midst of difficult circumstances. This is evident in the final section of Revelation, which presents a beautiful picture of the new heavens and earth that God will create at the end of time.

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