Music is one of God’s gifts that humans can use to offer praise and thanksgiving to their Creator, as well as to express emotions—both sorrow and joy. Singing, in particular, plays a prominent role in worship of God, but instrumental music has also played an important part. Music serves not only to accompany vocalists, but also to enhance their singing. It is therefore not surprising that, from beginning to end, the Bible discusses at length the role of vocal and instrumental music in true worship and other activities.

From the many verses relating to music in the Old Testament, it is clear that music played a vital role in Hebrew culture. According to tradition, Jubal, the son of Lamech, was the forefather of all who play the harp and the flute (Gen. 4:21). In the days of the forefathers of Israel, music appears to have been an integral part of life, as evidenced by Laban’s desire to arrange a farewell concert for Jacob and his two daughters (Gen. 31:27). Singing and musical accompaniment marked the celebration of Israel’s deliverance at the Red Sea, as well as the return of Jephthah, David and Saul after they had won their battles (Ex. 15:20–21; Judg. 11:34; 1 Sam. 18:6-7). Whilst previously music had been restricted to secular life, it was later authorised for use in worship at the Temple.

Music was used both in times of mourning and in times of joy. When played during times of joy, music was usually accompanied by dancing. Just as music was important in the social life of the Hebrews, so too did it play a significant role in their religious life. In 1 Chronicles 15:16–24 provides a detailed account of the organisation of the Levitical singers and their musical instruments.

David was a figure in the Bible who offered music and song to the LORD, a tradition continued by his descendants and the whole nation of Israel. When Solomon consecrated the Temple in Jerusalem, he used a full musical ensemble and skilled musicians (2 Chronicles 7:6). When Hezekiah returned to the ways of the Lord, he also formed a music and worship team to glorify the Lord (2 Chronicles 29:25–28). In this regard, it is clear that music plays an important role in worshipping God.